Preheat the oven to 400°F (200°C) and line a large rimmed baking sheet with parchment paper.
Toss the cubed sweet potatoes with 1 1/2 tbsp olive oil, 3/4 tsp salt, 1/2 tsp pepper, 3/4 tsp garlic powder, 3/4 tsp onion powder, and 3/4 tsp smoked paprika until evenly coated.
Spread the sweet potatoes in a single layer and roast for 25 to 30 minutes, flipping halfway through, until tender inside and lightly crispy outside.
While the potatoes roast, shred the lettuce, dice the tomatoes and red onion, and chop the pickles. Keep each topping separate.
When the potatoes have about 10 minutes left, heat 1/2 tbsp olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add the ground beef, break it up, and season with the remaining salt, pepper, garlic powder, onion powder, and smoked paprika. Cook 6 to 8 minutes until browned and cooked through to 160°F (71°C).
Divide the roasted sweet potatoes between 4 bowls, top with the hot beef, and sprinkle 1/4 cup shredded cheese over each bowl. Let it melt for 1 minute or melt briefly with a kitchen torch.
Top with lettuce, tomatoes, red onion, and pickles. Drizzle with special sauce, sprinkle with sesame seeds, and serve right away.