Make the Cheesecake Filling
In a mixing bowl, beat the cream cheese, powdered sugar, and vanilla extract until smooth and creamy. Cover and refrigerate while you prepare the cookie dough.
Prepare the Cookie Dough
In a large mixing bowl, cream together the softened butter and sugar until light and fluffy.
Beat in the egg and vanilla extract.
In a separate bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, and salt. Gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet mixture, mixing until a soft dough forms.
Assemble the Cookies
Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C) and line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
Using a cookie scoop or tablespoon, scoop the dough into balls and flatten each slightly.
Place a small dollop (about 1 teaspoon) of the cheesecake filling in the center of half the flattened dough discs. Cover with another dough disc, pinching the edges to seal and form a stuffed cookie ball.
Bake the Cookies
Arrange the stuffed cookies on the prepared baking sheet, spacing them about 2 inches apart.
Bake for 10-12 minutes, or until the edges are lightly golden.
Coat in Cinnamon Sugar
While the cookies are still warm, combine the granulated sugar and ground cinnamon in a small bowl. Gently roll each cookie in the cinnamon sugar mixture until fully coated.
Cool and Enjoy
Allow the cookies to cool completely on a wire rack. The filling will firm up slightly as they cool.